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Whole exome sequencing of DNA extracted from fresh frozen tumors and matched normal blood samples was done as previously described8, 26.
Data from whole-exome sequencing (WES) for initial and recurrent paired tumors (17 initial tumors, 17 first recurrent tumors, and two second recurrent tumors) from 17 patients and matched normal blood samples as well as multi-sampling specimens were analyzed (Supplementary Tables S1, 4, 5 and 6).
In this process, however, it was not possible to obtain matched normal blood from every patient in this prevalence set.
Using a unique quartet design, we sequenced matched normal (blood following remission) and tumor (bone marrow at diagnosis) patient samples, and the parents of each case.
Although we have not performed sequencing on matched normal blood samples in this study, the mutations identified were assumed to be somatic because they are located in the common mutational hotspot observed in uterine leiomyomas and fibroadenomas, and none of the mutations were recorded as germline variants in the databases.
Zhou et al. [ 3] sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of 83 primary head and neck tumor samples (Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma-HNSCC), and identified 228 mutations by comparison with matched normal blood leukocyte DNA (see their supporting information table 2).
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Whole-genome sequencing, aligned to the hg19 genome in the BAM format at ×30 of coverage, of two cell lines HCC1143 and HCC1954, matching normal blood, and simulated admixtures at tumor cellularity of 20%, 40 %, 60, and 80%, were obtanded in March 2014 from the TCGA4 benchmark cohort (https://cghub.ucsc.edu/datasets/benchmark_download.html).
WES was performed on DNA isolated from fresh frozen and FFPE tumor tissue and from matched normal peripheral blood DNA.
We started with the melanoma tumor sample and its matched normal sample (blood from the same individual) in order to examine the accuracy of the tools in Table 1.
Somatic SNVs are identified by comparing a tumor sample with a matched normal sample (usually blood from the same patient).
All verified changes were re-sequenced in parallel with the matched normal DNA from blood samples to distinguish between somatic mutations and SNPs not previously described.
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