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One gestational age matched infant was taken as a control for every TTN patient.
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Guidetti and Ottaviano [28] followed, for over 9 years, 102 full-term newborn healthy infants, who were hyper-reactive in infancy and 80 matched infants, who were not hyper-reactive.
Analyses compared infants who failed ENCPAP treatment and were intubated within 72 hours of age (ECF group) and matched infants who were intubated immediately in the DR (DRI group).
Based on the theoretical work of Rosenbaum & Rubin (1985) [ 20] and Imbens & Rubin [ 21] on the role of propensity score matching in the design of observational studies, each NEC infant was matched to infants without NEC diagnoses at a 1 10 ratio without replacement.
Each immunized infant was matched by gestational age to one control infant.
The basic characteristics of the ECF-group and matched infants in the DRI-group were not significantly different (Table 1).
Each immunized infant was then matched by gestational age to one control selected from infants not yet discharged from NICU at an equivalent chronologic age (some of whom had already been immunized) during the 5-year study period by using a random numbers table.
This study made use of the complete sample of infants in the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims Database who had a diagnosis of CMA and who received either first-line eHCF + LGG or eHCF and who were compared with matched infants who received first-line AAF, and who had a clinical history for at least one year.
A design that matches on many factors can lead to the exclusion of valuable data on exposed infants, since it may be impossible to find enough suitable matched infants in the comparison group.
Infants with polymicrobial bloodstream infections were compared with three gestational age and birth weight matched infants with monomicrobial bloodstream infections.
There were 72 matching mother-infant pairs where the infant was determined HIV-1 infected and two unmatched mothers thereby totalling 72 infected (INF) infants and 74 transmitting (TR) mothers.
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