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Cases and controls were matched for maternal age and parity.
The groups were matched for maternal education and socioeconomic status, birth weight, length of gestation and maternal age.
Obstetric details in these maternal-infant pairs were compared with 108 control pairs, matched for maternal and gestational age, parity, and birth weight.
The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether the incidence of poor obstetric outcomes is higher for in vitro fertilization twins than for spontaneously conceived twins who were matched for maternal age.
Methods: Cases of elective cervical cerclage were matched for maternal age, ethnic group, previous cervical surgery, previous second trimester loss and early preterm delivery to women undergoing serial ultrasound surveillance of cervical length.
The study group consisted of 184 women with hydramnios (AFI>25 cm) that were matched for maternal age, parity, and gestational age to 184 women with gestational diabetes and normal AFI.
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After matching for maternal age, education, gestational age at study entry, and other covariates, the OR for spontaneous abortion before 21 weeks gestation was 1.13 (95% CI, 1.01 1.30) for every 1 μg/dL increase in blood lead across the blood lead range of 1.4 29 μg/dL.
The groups were matched for baseline maternal characteristics, maternal glycemia, and pregnancy outcomes.
To avoid population stratification effects on the genetic variability, samples in the compared groups were matched for the maternal country of origin.
In addition, identical twins are matched for age, sex, maternal environment, and population cohort effects - making them the best matched control available [ 13].
Several case control studies were matched for factors such as maternal age and birth year, while others without matching reported that characteristics of cases and controls were similar.
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