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As such, we present a triple-matched resource of prostate cancer copy number and expression profiling data, with matched benign tissue and blood, as well as a fully annotated TMA as an invaluable tool for further translational research into the mutational landscapes of primary and castrate-resistant prostate cancers.
We also investigated potential somatic SNVs by comparing each individual focus with its matched benign tissue.
We determined potential somatic copy number variations by comparing each tumor focus with the matched benign tissue (Additional file 1, Figure S6).
DNA was isolated from two different loci for each tumor in addition to matched benign tissue from frozen radical prostatectomy specimens of three prostate cancer patients.
In the present study, we demonstrate a significant increase in MIF mRNA associated with prostatic tumors compared with matched benign tissue from the same patients, documenting that upregulation of MIF gene expression is a hallmark of prostatic tumorigenesis (Fig. 1A).
Gene expression of MMP1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16 and 24 was upregulated by factors >4-fold in OG adenocarcinoma samples compared with matched benign tissue (P<0.01).
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The mean in situ hybridization intensity of prostate cancer was 1.5, significantly higher than in matched benign tissues whose mean score was 0.5 (Fig. 5A; p < 0.001).
The present study supports the work of Carl-McGrath et al (2005), who used RT PCR to show that ADAM9, 12 and 15 expression is elevated in malignant compared with matched benign gastric tissue.
The MMP with the greatest upregulation in the present study is MMP11 (Table 2), with a ∼20-fold increase in expression in malignant compared with matched benign OG tissue.
We used Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing, a genome-wide high-coverage single-base resolution DNA methylation method to profile seven localized PCa samples, seven matched benign prostate tissues, and six aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) samples.
In total, expression levels of 13 different MMPs, 2 TIMPs, 6 ADAMs, c-Met and HGF were upregulated significantly in malignant OG tissue compared with matched benign peri-tumoural tissue (Table 2).
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