A two factor model of achievement goals comprises two components, mastery and performance goal orientations in which the former is related to the standpoint where students are concerned with mastering their competence and the latter represents the state in which learners are concerned with merely displaying their competence relative to others (Ames, 1992; Dweck & Leggett, 1988).
In other words, if students face some failure regarding EFL learning or are not interested in their learning experience, they won't adapt mastery approach as their goal orientation which is learning the language for mastering one's competence.
Students' low level of competence at graduation indicates the assessment methods in current use do not fully encourage students to master essential competencies and/or help make accurate promotion and graduation decisions.
It encompasses a shift away from the idea that consulting is a set of competences to be mastered, towards a more analytical orientation.
To be able to help a patient in a difficult situation gave a feeling of mastering and competence to the informants who told about the importance of such experiences.
For companies such as Kodak and Polaroid, entering the digital world meant mastering completely new competences in solid-state electronics, camera design, software, and display technology.
The very nature of a complex system does not allow that a single person be able to master all required competences for its development or operation.
In order to show this good performance, students probably also know how to perform and consequently master the underlying competences necessary for performing the task (Miller 1990).
Students progress by demonstrating their competence, which means they prove that they have mastered the knowledge and skills (called competencies) required for a particular course, regardless of how long it takes.
Hence they can be mastered by a child otherwise without linguistic competence and they can be known without presupposing other parts of our theory.
Self-compassionate people are also more likely to adopt "mastery goals", which focus on learning and mastering material to increase competence, and less likely to adopt "performance goals," which are primarily concerned with succeeding to make a favorable impression on others.
