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pDCs are specialized in rapid and massive secretion of type I interferon (IFN-I) in response to nucleic acids through Toll like receptor (TLR -7 or TLR -7
For example, early production of IL-12 by activated macrophages and massive secretion of IFNγ by NK cells could redirect the immune response towards Th1.
By contrast, mice immunized with a dose as low as 10 ng of nonintegrative EWNV vectors displayed detectable levels of anti-WNV antibodies and immunizations with 100 ng of this vector induced a massive secretion of anti-WNV Ig with a mean titer reaching 8×104.
In this instance, however, PM overgrowth resulted from increased membrane input from the secretory pathway, consistent with the ability of Toll to induce massive secretion of antimicrobial peptides.
Elevated cAMP causes activation of chloride channels and chloride efflux, followed by massive secretion of water and ions into the intestinal lumen.
The humoral immune response is characterized by the massive secretion of antimicrobial peptides into the hemolymph and is mainly exerted by the fat body.
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As far as the biosynthesis of fibroin is concerned, the fifth instar stage can also be partitioned into two periods: the rapid formation and the massive secretion [ 26].
Pollen germinates on a massive secretion formed from the many individual stigmas at carpel tips and tubes grow through the secretion to reach open stylar canals (Fig. 1B).
It has been long appreciated that there is a dramatic increase in the amount of Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum in alveolar epithelial cells at secretory activation [ 49], and it is generally assumed that these changes are required to support the massive synthesis and secretion of various milk components.
These studies demonstrate that a hallmark of replicatively senescent cells is a massive increase in the secretion of multiple pro-inflammatory proteins, including IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-1α and β and monocyte chemoattractant peptide-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) [ 60, 63].
The vigorous immune response towards those pathogens is driven by the massive, but transient synthesis and secretion of master cytokines (for example tumor necrosis factor α; interleukin 1 β [TNF; IL1B]) in the udder [ 4]).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com