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We have developed a novel concept for immunogen construction based on introduction of massive mutations within the epitopes targeting antigenically variable pathogens and diseases.
Results are obtained by alanine scanning, identifying massive mutations and genetically accessible mutations.
During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to explore the complex heterogeneity, and massive mutations have been identified in different genes underlying IRD with the significant advancement of sequencing technology.
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The broken ends were rejoined in the interphase of the next mitosis, and the cycle was repeated, causing massive mutation, which she could detect as variegation in the endosperm.
Despite the massive mutation load, there is no indication that a significant fraction of mutations were purged from the MA lines.
Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that the mitochondrial genome of the angiosperm Silene noctiflora (Caryophyllaceae) has experienced a massive mutation-driven acceleration in substitution rate, placing it among the fastest evolving eukaryotic genomes ever identified.
Recent DNA sequencing results support the massive somatic mutation differences in individual patient cancers [ 29, 30].
Altogether, among 512 patients in whom the previous targeted genotyping did not reveal a pathogenic BRCA1/2 mutation massive amplicon sequencing identified 52 patients with 31 deleterious mutations, of which sixteen were frameshift, eight were nonsense, three were missense, and four affected splicing.
We also conclude that the massive population-level mutation supply in combination with clonal interference leads to the soft sweeps observed, but not to the exclusion of an occasional hard sweep.
In mouse models, Mfn2 mutations cause massive axonal degeneration in motor nerves and impair mitochondrial fusion leading to uneven distribution of mitochondria within neuronal processes [26], [27].
Both loss-of-function mutations produce massive obesity on the B6 and the BKS (C57LBKS/J) background.
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