Important features of big data are massive size, heterogeneity, uneven quality, and the need for sophisticated automated techniques to find meaning.
Recent studies of genetic variation in solid tumors have revealed massive intratumor heterogeneity in the spectrum of genomic changes within single tumors (Gerlinger et al., 2012; Heselmeyer-Haddad et al., 2012; Navin et al., 2010, 2011).
Massive network densification and heterogeneity are two major trends heralding the fifth generation of mobile cellular networks (5).
CSPα-deficient mice exhibit a massive neurodegeneration with wide heterogeneity in the time-course and type of neurons affected [ 10].
During the past decades, tremendous efforts have been made to explore the complex heterogeneity, and massive mutations have been identified in different genes underlying IRD with the significant advancement of sequencing technology.
The characteristics of the Sarvak reservoir are those of a massive carbonate reservoir with strong heterogeneity both vertically and laterally, and reservoir quality degrades along the secondary migration path, with a very short readjustment time span and high-viscosity crude oil.
Although the data types are diverse, they have common characteristics including massive scale, rapid changes, distributed storage, heterogeneity, and semi-structured or non-structured features.
Massive datasets have issues of scale, heterogeneity, multidimensional complexity, error handling, privacy, provenance, and many types of biases (NRC 2013; Monteith et al. 2015).
For example, the wireless access domain is challenging because of the massive number of devices and the heterogeneity of the modern mobile networks.
Our proposed framework for detecting CNAs in high-throughput SNP-profiling is a conceptual generalization of a class of empirical measures used to identify CNAs [ 21] and sample heterogeneity [ 22] employing massive parallel sequencing of genomic DNA.
