Sentence examples for massive gene tree from inspiring English sources

Results: In this article we present a novel computational method for inferring the strain tree despite massive gene tree incongruence caused by homologous recombination.

To the best of our knowledge, none of these methods have been applied to bacterial genomes, particularly different strains of the same bacterium, with massive gene tree incongruence due to homologous recombination.

Given our conservative selection of the orthology groups, which almost eliminates the possibility of gene tree discordance due to events such as horizontal gene transfer and gene duplication/loss, this result indicates massive gene-tree discordance due to stochastic effects of the coalescent (incomplete lineage sorting).

As expected the gene content-based tree clearly reflects the massive gene loss in the two M. leprae strains, which are a very special case for its endosymbiotic life-style (with only 1,603 and 1,599 genes).

It is notable that there was no evidence for massive gene contractions at the internal nodes in the phylogenetic tree.

A gene tree combined with human kinases revealed a massive expansion of the calcium calmodulin regulated subfamily, underlining the importance of calcium in the physiology of P. tetraurelia.

Recent studies show that many enzymatic genes have complex evolutionary histories, with massive gene losses in most of the eukaryote genomes sampled, but retention in certain tips of the tree of life (Allen et al. 2011; de Mendoza and Ruiz-Trillo 2011; Stairs et al. 2011; Attenborough et al. 2012).

Maximum likelihood gene tree of TLR4.

The idea is to run each gene tree backward to the ancestral gene at the root of the tree.

Specifically, we reconstructed >80,000 gene trees and reconciled each and every gene tree against its corresponding reference (or species) tree built from the 16S rRNA gene alignment.

Cole, S.T. et al. Massive gene decay in the leprosy bacillus.