Nowadays, active participation of the patient is considered essential for treatment success [16], and the single use of passive interventions (e.g. massage or physical modalities) is no longer considered as 'best-practice'.
Three other frequently-used modalities (massage, manual therapy, and other passive physical therapy treatment modalities, such as cold or heat therapy, ultrasound, laser therapy, or electrotherapy) are not recommended in the SCS, i.e. non-recommended modalities.
Anthroposophic medicine (AM), a complementary system of medicine founded by Rudolf Steiner and Ita Wegman [ 18], includes active (AM art and eurythmy therapy) as well as passive therapy modalities (massage, medications).
Among the complementary and alternative medicine modalities, massage-based therapies are one of the most frequently used worldwide.
Both US and German survey participants indicated that resting, heat modalities and massage were the most effective therapies.
We excluded participants who indicated they would be unwilling to tolerate any intervention possibly delivered in usual chiropractic care including: manipulative therapy; mobilisation; traction; massage; ultrasound; and physical modalities.
Ideal for trigger point, deep tissue, reflexology, seated massage or practically any modality, this product fills the need of a growing group of health care professionals whose careers are limited by their ability to serve multiple clients a day without interruption by injury.
Additionally, subjects were asked to avoid use of pain medications or NSAIDs, compression garments, massage, electrical stimulation, and thermal modalities in the 10 days following the race.
These data indicate that CAM modalities such as massage, dietary supplements, and kampo use among patients, and family members accompanying them to clinics, in rural Japan are common.
