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Concrete lining and the surrounding rock mass were assumed as linearly elastic materials.
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No mixing of air mass is assumed across the layer interface plane.
To save computing time, electron mass is assumed to be me = m H /100.
The rock mass was assumed to be impermeable with 1 m radius around the injection curtain.
The unit weight of the sliding mass was assumed to be 18 kN/m3.
This mass is assumed to be rigidly attached to the tower top.
Train mass is assumed constant, based on a typical passenger load.
Multiple loading conditions are considered, and a constant nodal mass is assumed for each existing node.
The problem is considered as axial-symmetric, and the lining and the rock mass are assumed to be poroelastic, homogeneous and isotropic.
For the minimum estimates, the tephra thickness or mass was assumed as 3 m or 103.5 kg/m2.
However, in most empirical equations in the literature that have been proposed for the estimation of the strengths and deformation moduli, the rock mass is assumed isotropic.
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