This method deals with: cleaning of a substrate surface and thin Ti film deposition by the IPIB; radiation-induced mass transfer of elements of both the film and substrate to increase adhesion; deposition of thin Ti and C films by IPIB; and mixing of elements of this heterogeneous binary system by IPIB to create TiC coatings.
The improved state-space (SS) superstructure incorporating all basic mass and heat transfer elements are adopted to capture all configurations in the framework of super column.
A recent labeling study in Spiranthes sinensis clearly indicated that in the symbiotic protocorm, hyphal degeneration played a significant role in the mass transfer of the elements to plant cells, and fungal carbon and nitrogen was also detected to be transferred from live hyphae through the interface between the symbionts [ 42].
A comparison between the experimental and theoretical results shows that the key role in mass transfer for each element is the existence of concentration gradients for radiation defects.
The developed numerical method can be widely used in some engineering problems, such as the simulation of heat and mass transfer in heat-generating elements in power engineering.
Phytoplankton blooms are ephemeral events of exceptionally high primary productivity thriving seasonally in the sunlit layer of the oceans, while driving mass transfer of gases and elements between the water layer, the atmosphere and oceans-floor and composing the basis of marine food-webs.
In this study, numerical modeling, including the combined effects of ohmic resistance, constant phase element, mass transfer, and faradaic processes, of cyclic voltammetry was carried out to show that, using this approach, nonlinear behaviors of the time-domain response of cyclic voltammetry can be encompassed.
Both mycorrhizal types use host photosynthate to support extensive hyphal networks with high absorptive surface area for nutrient element mass transfer from the substrate.
A model is presented which can be used to simulate polymer swelling and drug release from tablets using a combination of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and solving mass transfer over an unstructured grid formed by the DEM elements.
A heat and mass transfer model is established in an element to study the coupled heat and mass transfer.
