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Dorsal fusion includes lateral mass screws from C2 to C6.
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C1 lateral mass screws and C1 posterior arch screws are used for instrumentation of the atlas.
These include C1 C2 transarticular and C1 lateral mass screws.
Previous studies have shown that unicortical C1 lateral mass screws are biomechanically stable for fixation.
Frequently used dorsal fusion techniques today use lateral mass screws and cervical pedicle screws.
Many authors therefore refrain from using pedicle screws in the cervical spine and accept the lower stability of lateral mass screws or combine dorsal and ventral stabilization at the cost of two surgical procedures.
Lateral mass screws were placed in C1 and C3.
The lateral mass screws were placed using a modified Magerl method.
In total, 457 lateral mass screws were used and subject to analysis.
Three variants of lateral mass screws have been described by An, Magerl, and Roy-Camille.
A total of 457 lateral mass screws comprising 89 at C3, 140 at C4, 138 at C5, and 90 screws at C6 level.
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