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We used residuals from a linear regression of spleen and liver mass on body weight when testing the differences in between experimentally infected brothers and sisters to control for differences in organ mass due to higher body masses in males.
Relative brain mass on body mass for each species (extant or extinct) was calculated as residual values using the regression equation (see below).
This finding is in line with previous research documenting the impact of a greater body mass on body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls [ 6, 8, 24].
In field studies of birds and mammals, an individual's condition is often measured as body mass corrected for structural body size, which is often derived from the residuals of a regression of mass on body size [ 4].
In the case of the regressions of brain mass on body mass, the slopes obtained for the different groupings and taxonomic levels considered are all significantly lower than one, with the only exception of the categories extinct hominins and Homo, which take values close to 1.5.
Because we also wanted to investigate the effect of body mass in our analyses, however, we repeated each sequential regression with body mass as the focal variable and brain mass included as the residuals from a PGLS log-log regression of brain mass on body mass.
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For the 0.8 nm MES-AuNPs, exposure at 250 ppm resulted in jaw malformations and an unusual mass on the body trunk in 100% of embryos.
Body scanners see through clothing, detecting any mass on the body, metal or not.
But breast cancer survivors who wear prosthetic bras are now susceptible to full-body pat-downs because the scanners show mass on the body.
We estimated individual body condition through the regression of body mass on tarsus length (body mass = 4.19 + 5.89 × tarsus length; r = 0.49; T = 5.48; p < 0.001; [ 50]).
There was no effect of female body mass on egg size (female body mass t33 = 0.65, p = 0.52).
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