Traffic and parking are problems already; Flatbush Avenue is a seething mass of vehicles that I dread crossing with my children.
Three-dimensional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) cores are high performance ultra-lightweight materials that can reduce the structural mass of vehicles used in the transportation and aerospace industry, increasing capabilities and performance, and reducing fuel consumption.
The more challenging issue is whether the increased mass of vehicles improves the overall safety, including the fatality risk in one's own vehicle (internal risk) and the fatality risk in counterparts (external risk).
In this paper, Taguchi method of robust optimization has been adapted along with Design of Experiments methodology and ANOVA to reduce the variability in the Ride comfort of a vehicle with respect to sprung mass of vehicle.
Emission factors are empirical functional relations between the mass of vehicle emissions and the involved vehicle activities [26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32].
One assumption is that, comparing to the mass of vehicle, the mass of pavement structures (including surface layer, base, subgrade, and soil foundation) is large enough such that pavement vibration is much smaller than vehicle vibration.
For a running car, the higher speed at curve entry and larger mass of vehicle body, the shorter distance between the vehicle and the right edge line of the roadway (take left-hand bends, for example).
h f, h r—Height of vehicle front, rear unsprung mass, l f, l r ψ Distance between centre of gravity and the front, rear axes, F zf, F zr Vertical forces of vehicle front, rear tire, m f, m r—Front, rear unsprung mass, x Displacement in the process, m s Sprung mass of vehicle, h s—Height of vehicle sprung mass.
Numbers and masses of vehicles required are greatly reduced, yet the pursuit of a broader range of science objectives is enabled.
When a multi-vehicle train passes over a railway bridge, it is expected that a parametrically excited vibration occurs in the bridge, according to the change of the additional mass distribution caused by the unsprung masses of vehicles.
