Sentence examples for mass of tephra from inspiring English sources

The total mass of tephra of this event was estimated as 2.0 × 10−5 t (Geshi et al., 2010).

The mass of tephra transported by this type 2 pulse ranged between 4.0 and 6.3 · 104 kg.

The mass of tephra from the 27 May event was estimated as approximately a few hundred tons (Kobayashi et al., 2011).

According to the results of the PVDM, a type 1 pulse transports, on average, 2.3 times more mass of tephra than a type 2 pulse (see Table 3).

Isomass maps created with these data are used to calculate the total mass of tephra with the same methods as for isopach maps.

The mass of tephra transported by individual pulses ranged between 0.4 · 105 kg (minimum of m t_min) and 3.7 · 105 kg (maximum of m t_max).

Hornblende dacite lava erupted with small masses of tephra, which had been degassed shortly before the eruption.

By considering the values bracketing the minimum and maximum time-dependent flow rate, it is possible to get a figure of the range of the mass flux of tephra, Q tot, by integrating Q min(t) and Q max t), and normalizing the results over the pulsation interval t pulse {Q}_{mathrm{tot}}=frac{1}{t_{mathrm{pulse}}}{displaystyle underset{0}{overset{tau }{int }}}Q t dt (12).

The measurement of d trans(t I ) and v trans allows us to estimate the mass flux of tephra Q(t I ) by multiplying the volumetric flow rate with the density ρ t and the volume fraction ϕ of tephra: Qleft {t}_Iright)={rho}_tcdot phi cdot {left(frac{d_{mathrm{trans}}left {t}_Iright)}{2}right)}^2cdot pi cdot {v}_{mathrm{trans}} (8).

Our experimental analysis shows how the power-output of a PV-module will rapidly decrease when it is covered by volcanic tephra from an eruption as an increasing mass of deposited tephra prevents incoming light from reaching the module.

We find that a mass of fine tephra has a stronger influence on the PV-modules power generation than the same mass of coarser particles.