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The basic division in Ottoman society was the traditional Middle Eastern distinction between a small ruling class of Ottomans (Osmanlı) and a large mass of subjects called rayas (reʿâyâ).
Her popular blog, A Don's Life, deals with an eclectic mass of subjects, from modern America's culpability in terrorist attacks to the time she was raped on an Italian train by a man who bought her a ticket.
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The disturbance torque is given as follows: tau_{d} = RMgsin alpha (2 where, (R) is radius of rear wheel, (M) is mass of subject and wheelchair, g is acceleration of gravity, and (alpha) is inclination angle.
For statistical analyses, we included the lean tissue mass of subject's lower extremities (LTM-LE as the mean of the left and right leg).
The force and acceleration at the seat surface were used to obtain apparent masses of subjects.
Body mass index of subjects was determined and used for defining obesity.
In 1998 the French National Consensus Conference on Colorectal Cancer distinguished three levels of risk (moderate, high or very high) and advocated the use of Hemoccult II for mass screening of subjects with moderate risk [ 4].
Because it is easy to use and cheap, it is applied as a first-step screening test for mass screening of subjects in either the fasting (4, 5) or the random (4) state.
This signal also outlines the mass of the subject; although the subject's mass remains constant, the applied weight changes are due to muscle forces exerted in efforts to control posture.
To include the apparent mass of the subjects in the model both measurements and models available in literature were used.
The optimum model parameters found by fitting to the median apparent mass of 12 subjects were similar to the medians of the same parameters found by fitting to the individual apparent masses of the same 12 subjects.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com