One end of the quartz tube was connected to a mass flow controller, which controls the flow rate of the carrier gas, argon, and the other end was connected to the exhaust.
We adopted this approach using a nebulizer with a very small dead volume (< 0.1 mL) and a computer controlled mass flow controller.
Also, the V/III flow rate was controlled by mass flow controller.
With potential modifications (i.e., continuous precursor injection by micropumps and control by mass flow controller) of the growth method, more effective designing and manipulation of nanostructure formation process would hopefully be expected.
Flow rate (100 ml/min for all species except D. virilis, 50 ml/min) was maintained via a mass flow controller (SSI MFC-2 using a Sierra Instruments mass flow control valve).
The silane release was controlled by a mass flow controller such that the amount before the ignition can be accurately controlled.
The flow rate of argon is controlled by a mass flow controller (Aalborg, TX, USA), whereas the flow of Ar/styrene gas mixture is controlled by precisely calibrated needle valve.
The flow rate of oxygen gas was controlled by a mass flow controller.
The purity of argon gas in this work was 99.998% and controlled by a mass flow controller.
After completion of activation, flow rate of carrier gas was controlled through a mass flow controller at 40 mL/min, an optimum rate from previous studies [19].
With glucose as the sole carbon source, the initial aeration rate was set to 1 vvm, controlled by a mass flow controller (Sevenstar, Beijing, China).
