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When assessed on the basis of mass excretion rate (nanograms BPA per hour), the pattern of excretion rate by BMI category looks similar to the pattern by concentration.
However, on the basis of body weight adjusted excretion rate, a statistically significant association is again observed, but reversed in direction, with the lowest mass excretion rate for BPA in the highest BMI category.
We examined the impact of quantifying exposures in terms of unadjusted concentrations, creatinine- or osmolality-adjusted concentrations, and calculated analyte mass excretion rate (nanograms per hour or nanograms per kilogram per hour) on patterns across BMI category.
Patterns of analyte urinary concentration or mass excretion rates (nanograms per hour and nanograms per kilogram per hour BW) were assessed in sample age groups for case study chemicals bisphenol A and 2,5-dichlorophenol.
GM mass excretion rates (nanograms per hour) showed a similar pattern to that for unadjusted concentration, whereas there was no trend in body weight adjusted excretion rates across BMI categories.
Finally, reliance on analyte mass excretion rate calculated as the product of urinary flow rate and analyte concentration for exposure classification does not reduce the importance of having a conceptual model of the exposure pathways, routes, and timing, and hypotheses regarding the likely pattern of analyte excretion rates.
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In renovascular hypertension with preserved kidney mass, norepinephrine excretion was not different when compared to 1K1C animals or normal controls.
In general, heavy usage leads to heavy bone, and disuse, as in immobilization associated with injury or severe disease, results in decreased bone mass and increased excretion of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen.
Oterdoom et al. [ 40] and Wang et al. [ 49] found a positive association between muscle mass and urinary excretion of creatinine, and increases in muscle mass increases during pubertal development is probably encompassed in the present findings.
The multivariate model was adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, urine creatinine excretion, urine sodium excretion, hypertension, diabetes, season, living in German- or not German-speaking cantons, education, creatinine clearance, smoking, alcohol and caffeine intake, portions of vegetables and fruits, and meat or cold cut intake per day (n = 1254).
Multivariate adjustment in a stepwise regression model including esRAGE, age, gender, body-mass-index, albumin excretion rate and HbA1c showed an independent association for esRAGE with sRAGE only.
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