Obesity increases Vd, especially for lipophilic antibiotics, because of increased lean body mass and increased adipose tissue which can lead to lower than expected plasma antibiotic concentrations.
28– 32 Among healthy men ≥60 years old, TRT has been associated with increased lean body mass, decreased fat mass, and increased muscle strength.
Background & Aims: Reduced bone mass and increased fracture rate are complications of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC).
Osteoporosis is a prevalent bone condition, characterised by low bone mass and increased fracture risk.
Lifelong regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), maintenance of muscle mass and increased metabolic capacity.
Some women may experience weight gain, specifically in the abdominal region, decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass, as well as hot flashes and mood changes.
Reduced lean mass and increased myostatin target gene expression in mJNKKO mice are consistent with evidence demonstrating JNK is a negative regulator of myostatin activity (Fig. 5).
Preterm infants have altered fat tissue development, including a higher percentage of fat mass and increased volume of visceral fat.
Obesity in pregnancy is associated with macrosomia, neontatal fat mass and increased obesity and diabetes in the offspring.
This trend is well documented with ageing,6 in particular the presence of sarcopaenia that is characterised by reduced muscle mass and increased adiposity, the latter being the result of lower energy expenditure.
One of the major issues with BMI is that it does not reflect the changes in body composition that occur with age, in particular the presence of sarcopaenia, which is characterised by reduced muscle mass and increased adiposity.
