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Surprisingly, enolase (ENO) as well as phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) mass action ratios were found significantly different from the ones previously reported by [ 11, 43].
The metabolite mass action ratios (MAR) of other reactions included in the central carbon metabolism and expected to operate close to equilibrium [ 45] were calculated (Table 2).
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The CK mass action ratio ([CR][ATP])/([PCR][ADP]) increased from a resting value of ∼166 to ∼260 during the peak ischemia.
The LDH mass action ratio ([LAC][NAD+])/([PYR][NADH]) decreased considerably from a resting level of ∼8856 to ∼5585 during 76% ischemia.
As a consequence, the CK mass action ratio ([CR][ATP])/([PCR][ADP]) increased from a resting value of ∼166 to ∼260 during ischemia, instead of being a constant (∼166) (the CK apparent equilibrium constant at pH = 7) [17].
Kohn et al. [ 14] proposed a simple ordered ter ter mechanism based on two assumptions: first, the concentrations of substrates always exceed their respective Km values; second, the flux is primarily controlled by the deviation of the mass action ratio from the equilibrium constant.
In the first step of this metabolic pathway, LRAT, through its ability to catalyze the formation of retinyl esters that are readily sequestered by aggregation into lipid droplets called retinosomes, changes the mass action ratio to favor retinoid uptake from both photoreceptors and the choroidal circulation.
We summarize the metabolic pathways that extract matter and energy from glucose, paying special attention to the concerted regulation of these pathways by the ATP mass-action ratio.
The mass-action ratio only depends on the stoichiometry and thermodynamic properties of the reaction [ 19].
The law of mass action, rates and equilibria 9.
In [37], the authors proposed a model by considering that the encounter infection rate is meaningful only in the case that it follows the law of ratio-dependence and not the law of simple mass action.
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