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Stephen Baylin (The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA) described a new understanding of how cancer cells assume epigenetic marks of stem cells, and how this knowledge is being funneled into clinical trials of drugs targeting epigenetic markers.
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On show is the book Thoreau used to press his plants (still with marks of stems and leaves visible).
The perivascular position of stem cells observed by Nestin, CD133, or other stemness antigens corresponds to that of Nestin+ cells which, if not a specific marker of stem cells, marks immature cells [ 15].
Lgr5 is unique in that it – on its own – it specifically marks homogenous populations of stem cells but not their progenitors, unlike most other markers.
However, an assessment of the scientific literature highlights a marked disparity between the purported benefits of stem cell therapies and their proven abilities as defined by rigorously controlled scientific studies.
LGR5 also marks colonic stem cells, and deletion of Apc with Lgr5 GFP-CREER leads to formation of colonic adenomas (Barker et al., 2009).
CD133-expressing cells have been shown to mark thyroid cancer stem cells that possess the characteristics of stem cells and have the ability to initiate tumours.
Therefore, subsets of stem cells and progenitors reside within the adult SC niche, all marked by Pax7, albeit functionally distinct according to their proliferative history.
We must also consider that the presence of stem cell markers does not necessarily mean that all the cells they mark function as stem cells or cancer stem cells in vivo.
One of the pioneering studies on solid CSC research reported that CD133 marks glioblastoma stem cells.
The data discussed here mark the start of a series of investigations that may open up a new field - the immunology of stem cells.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com