In general, Stachulski and coworkers disclosed that modification of the carbohydrate at 6-O-position of morphine promotes marked in vitro effects on binding to μ opioid receptor subtypes μ1 or μ2 and in vivo antinociceptive activity [6].
MB in model surfactant lipid mixtures showed marked in vitro activity, with spread films exhibiting near-zero minimum surface tension during cycling using captive bubble surfactometry [48].
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase, AKT and dual PI3K-mTOR inhibitors caused marked in vitro enhancement of cytotoxicity induced by HDACIs in HNSCC cancer cells.
However, for multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, 3-drug combinations such as that of aztreonam, ceftazidime and amikacin rather than 2-drug combinations were shown to exhibit more marked in vitro antimicrobial effects [ 8, 9].
Colistin had more marked in vitro antimicrobial effects than that of the 3-drug combination against MBL-producing P. aeruginosa, showing bactericidal effects against all 23 strains at 2 24 h after drug addition.
In addition, the combination of LAQ824 with trastuzumab induced marked apoptosis in vitro.
Also modifications of histone remodeling have been associated with neurodevelopment defects (Contestabile and Sintoni 2013), and it has been shown that BPA modifies histone mark both in vitro and in vivo (Singh and Li 2012).
Indeed, two AlkB dioxygenase family proteins, fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) and ALKBH5, were recently demonstrated to catalyze the removal of the m6A mark both in vitro and in vivo.
Results indicated that VT promoted marked effects on in vitro parameters related to starch and dry matter digestibility and fermentable kinetics for pigs.
This discrepancy has also been observed in vivo (e.g. [22]) and was even more marked in an in vitro study using another ETA-antagonist [46].
Macrophages display marked phenotype heterogeneity in vitro and in vivo, including the responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous stimuli [ 8].
