This scheme uses the labels 'B' and 'I' to indicate the beginning and continuing tokens of a chemical name, respectively, and 'O' to mark tokens which are not part of any chemical name.
At this stage, the chemical tokens have been successfully marked up (tokens denoted by single box and OSCAR-tagged tokens are shown in double boxes) (Figure 2): Figure 2 OSCAR Tagging.
It associates to each pair (place, transition) or (transition, place) the weight of the corresponding arc in the net; ▪ M init : P → N+ is an initial marking in R (tokens contained in the initial places).
The drugs are considered as drug places, and the marking of their drug tokens is initiated as relative large numbers, which ensures their related transitions are enabled.
The marking of (number of tokens in) protein p at time t is interpreted as the activity-level of that protein – the number of activated molecules of that type.
Once the optimal state is identified, we use the marking of one type of tokens, called effect tokens, to evaluate the effects of the treated drug on the molecules.
Tokens that are not recognized as chemical entities are marked with O. Tokens that are recognized as the beginning of a chemical entity are marked with B. Tokens that are recognized as continuing the name of a chemical entity are marked with I.
In an talk on Edge.org, Dr. Pepperberg told of an effort to teach the parrot about phonemes using colored tokens marked with letter combinations like sh and ch.
For each village, the required number of tokens, marked with a study code, was prepared and mixed in a large container.
Through transition firings, the source can influence the marking of (the number of tokens assigned to) the target, modeling the way that signals propagate through protein interactions in cellular signaling networks.
