From Figure 4, we can see that when certainty – "yes" mark – is involved, the agreement between the participants and the oracle is generally high, while the variation in these agreements – see the box sizes – is usually small.
This mark is involved in heterochromatin formation and in the permanent silencing of specific genes in transcriptionally active euchromatic regions when appropriate [16], [17].
Although the biological role of H4K20me3 spreading is still unclear, recent studies have indicated that this covalent mark is involved in the maintenance of genomic stability [ 122- 124].
This epigenetic mark is involved in many cellular processes, including embryogenesis, transposon silencing, genomic imprinting, X chromosome inactivation, and tumorigenesis [ 1– 3].
Zhao et al. [12] proposed that genes harboring meK4/meK27 bivalent marks were primarily involved in early differentiation, whilst those without either mark were involved in lineage specification.
Previously, these marks were considered to be static; recent evidence, however, has shown that these marks are involved in dynamic gene regulation through active recruitment of PcG and trxG complexes during cellular differentiation [2], [3].
Since AC is an age-related disease, it could be speculated that those age-related changes in epigenetic marks are involved in the pathophysiology of the calcification.
However, they do not clearly demonstrate whether these epigenetic marks are involved in regulating gene expression in cardiac hypertrophy or at which stage of the pathology they are involved in.
DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mark that is involved in gene regulation, X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting and development.
PRC2 places H3K27 trimethylation marks and is involved in various biological processes including differentiation, proliferation, and stem cell plasticity 29.
