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Bivalent marking is associated with a transcriptionally poised state and is proposed to prevent aberrant gene expression but allow for rapid activation during differentiation.
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Conversely, the presence of the H3K27me3 mark is associated with gene repression [3].
It has been shown that LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) directly interacts with FT chromatin and represses FT expression [36], [37], [38]; in addition, recent whole-genome analysis of H3K27 trimethylation in Arabidopsis has revealed that this repressive mark is associated with FT chromatin [39].
The monomethyled H3K27me1 mark is enriched at actively transcribed promoters whereas the trimethylated H3K27me3 mark is associated with silenced promoters.
An increase in repressive marks is associated with repression of the PEV reporter gene, and conversely, a decrease in repressive marks is associated with increased expression of the PEV reporter gene among a population of cells [ 25, 26].
The histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) mark is associated with a permissive chromatin state, whereas H3K27me3 is suppressive.
Depending on density and position, this mark is associated with gene inactivation, and the formation of heterochromatin.
In contrast to H3K4me3, the trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) mark is associated with transcriptional repression.
We report that both H3K4me3 and AcH3 marks significantly correlate with transcriptionally active genes whereas H3K27me3 mark is associated with inactive gene promoters.
While H3K4me3-enriched genes tend to be broadly expressed across tissues, this epigenomic mark is associated with highly expressed, tissue-specific genes with crucial functions in wood formation.
At TSS-proximal regions this mark is associated with transcription elongation by RNAPII [ 113] and is relatively independent of other histone modifications (Additional file 1: Figure S6A).
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