How much does a lecture, a seminar, or having an essay marked cost per student?
Poor marking dearly costs Bayern Munich.
Most companies today set prices by marking up costs, maintaining margins, using fly-by-the-seat analyses, matching competitors and doing things the way they've always been done.
Laws said: "Ministers must consider the case for waiving re-marking costs this year and they must ensure that not a penny of public money is paid to ETS until the results of the independent report have been carefully considered".
It has been seen as a weakness of this Gunners team in the past, and poor marking certainly cost them when City scored their equaliser from a corner at Emirates Stadium in September.
Banks can mark up costs significantly, often without their clients' knowledge.
For example, a pair of plexiglass and velvet wedges marked 38H costs $34 an hour, at $1,295.
The area marked "bundle cost-effective" shows combinations of cost and effectiveness for the bundle at which total costs increase but the cost per QALY is less than $64,000.
Rooms, priced in German marks, cost $24 to $33 a person, with breakfast, at 2 marks to the dollar.
The area marked "bundle cost-saving" on each graph indicates combinations of cost and effectiveness at which the bundle reduces total costs and delivers extra health benefits relative to the comparator.
A report published by IHS iSuppli, the components research firm, in March found that marking up memory costs is where Apple gets a lot of its iPad profits.
