Until recently, market scholars questioned that popular wisdom, but new research suggests that the technology investors are on solid ground in expecting a January bounce.
"We are forced to conclude that a resurgence of labor unions in the private sector in the foreseeable future is unlikely," wrote the labor market scholars Henry S. Farber and Bruce Western of Princeton University a decade ago, echoing Mr. Barnett's thoughts 70 years before.
But with tempers rising along with food and fuel prices, some market scholars are concerned that speculation, the legal pursuit of market profits, is becoming a synonym for manipulation — secret and collusive trading activity aimed at deliberately moving prices to produce illegal profits.
The site of http://www.finance.yahoo.com has contributed the most to the market scholars and practitioners by providing the very details of the most notable stock markets of the world freely.
"California has the biggest megaphone," said Steven F. Hayward, a longtime Californian who is a free-market scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, a conservative policy group.
Cucinelli has distilled an idiosyncratic business philosophy that draws on Renaissance humanism, Senecan stoicism, Benedictine rigor, and the theories of Theodore Levitt, a twentieth-century marketing scholar who argued that the purpose of companies is to keep and serve customers.
In the 1960's, he and John A. Howard, the Columbia University marketing scholar who died in 1999, developed the idea of the "evoked set" to describe this process of selection.
But an analytical tool developed by marketing scholars to analyze how consumers make brand choices can in fact illuminate that debate.
Most buzz trackers, from marketing scholars to public relations firms to the Yahoo Buzz Index, simply measure how much people talk about something.
