Left to the market, New York commuters' private-car use would be underpriced because its negative externalities are not considered, while the subway's fares might not take its positive externalities into account.
Two automakers are making another run at selling compressed natural gas, or CNG, cars in the U.S., eyeing a market in commuters and efficiency-minded drivers.
Uber and Didi Kuaidi are locked in a pitched battle to dominate China's multi-billion-dollar market of commuters, spending capital to subsidize rides and dole out incentives in order to amass market share.
"The market for commuter journalism is still there but they now have their own phone and their own iPad so why then bother with a piece of paper?
The time may be right for disruption of over-the-air terrestrial radio news in large markets where commuters spend significant time close to their smartphones.
To estimate the strength of inter- and intra-regional transactions, traditional analyses have relied on aggregate parameters such as local labour market data, commuter or travel flows and other indexes of accessibility and socioeconomic status [5] [9].
In addition, effects of imperfections in labour and housing markets, and commuter bias in transport preferences towards car use, should be addressed in policy.
"People either want to be there or they don't; it's not much of a commuter market".
The Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC), which represents 19 franchises, estimates that the London commuter market will grow by 35% over the next 25 years.
"For a time the freesheets, as they call them in the UK, became very successful at capturing a commuter market," McNair says.
