We test the hypothesis that select market and non-market based options available to Mongolian Gobi Desert pastoralists in the current instiutional setting are not sufficient to ameliorate the risks of resource gaps caused by climatic and commodity price variability.
However, when all the additional costs and foregone benefits of the project are considered, REDD+ is not an attractive market-based option for Nepalese CFUGs.
"Their attitude is, 'The damage has been done, let's prepare for the recovery.' " Index options, Mr. Roth said, are used primarily by portfolio managers and other professional traders who move in or out of the options market based on their need to protect entire portfolios.
Part of that solution could include administrative options like further limits on flights and "market based" measures like additional landing fees.
At the moment, different financing options are discussed including fund based and market based approaches [1].
At the moment, different financing options are discussed including fund based and market based approaches [ 1].
On the other hand, vocal opponents advocate market based solutions; however, none of them has brought any comprehensive proposal as an alternative to the public option.
Williams (2007) highlighted the engineering options for the improvement in aircraft fuel efficiency, and these options had included the changes to airframes, engines, avionics, air traffic control systems, airspace design, and improved market based measures.
The first is market based.
The Vermont law amounts to a kind of do-not-call option for doctors who may welcome visits from pharmaceutical sales reps but don't want drug marketing based on their own prescription records.
He writes market commentary based on observed options trade volume and reports from floor brokers.
