Due to the absence of meiotic recombination in females, syntenic FI-markers are transmitted to the offspring in complete association, independent of their relative position.
Most B. napus and B. carinata C-genome marker alleles were transmitted normally from the near-allohexaploid hybrid to the MD population (481 out of 608 alleles (79.1 %); Additional file 3: Table S3; Additional file 4: Figure S3).
Most of the distorted markers in both F2 populations were skewed towards Dasanbyeo alleles, indicating that indica alleles were transmitted at higher frequency than japonica alleles.
If a given marker is not linked to a quantitative trait locus (QTL) (so that the marker alleles are transmitted randomly from parents to offspring), offspring quantitative phenotype is independent of offspring marker genotype given the parental marker genotypes [ Whittaker et al., 2003].
Due to the general lack of meiotic crossing overs in dipteran males, markers on the same chromosome are transmitted together from the male parent to its progeny.
It allows a movie to be transmitted with a marker that will allow it to be copied freely, copied just once or not copied at all.
The rules permit the studios and networks to insert a special "broadcast flag," or digital marker, into the data stream that is transmitted over the airwaves.
At each bi-allelic sire-heterozygous RAD marker, the grandpaternal sire allele will be transmitted to one group of offspring, and the grandmaternal sire allele will be transmitted to the remaining offspring, resulting in two 'mirror' segregation patterns per marker (see [ 32]).
However, markers in LD remain tightly linked and are transmitted through generations as regions of DNA called haplotype blocks.
The rules would permit the producers of movies and television programs to insert a special "broadcast flag" or digital marker, into the data bit stream that is transmitted over the airwaves.
