The critical bifurcation point is λ = 0, and for λ < 0, fixed points are located at x ± = ± − λ.
Following this, we have λ < 1 (<span class="lh">λ = 1) if the markers were separated by less than (more than) κ = 5 Mb.
Two λ/ HindIII size markers were placed at each end to assess uniformity of DNA migration across the gel.
Thus, for a particular λ, if the set of predicted associated markers is Sλ, then is computed as the least square estimator for the regression with markers restricted to Sλ.
An amount of 0.2 to 1 ng total DNA (quantified on a 1% agarose gel using a λ Hind III marker) were used as template in polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The marker was generated by labelling of the phage λ HindIII marker with P-dCTP in a Klenow reaction, and the full length cDNA was generated by also adding 100 μM cold dCTP to the reverse transcriptase reaction.
The molecular weight marker used was the λ Hae III φX 147.
Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA indicated that the 1.1∶1 ratio when the marker was in the plasmid was not significantly different from the 0.9∶1 ratio when the marker was in the λ.
For example, if a covariate has K = 2 modalities, we tested whether λ excess,1 was equal to λ excess,2 by comparing the model with four parameters (λ excess,1, λ excess,2, λ rel,1, and λ rel,2) with a simplified model with three parameters (common λ excess, λ rel,1, and λ rel,2) by likelihood ratio test.
For intracellular markers, cells were fixed, permeabilized and stained with anti-Foxp3, CD40L, IFNγ, IL-2, TNFα, 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), ovalbumin (OVA), κ and/or λ.
