In an association study with only one marker, we define the test to be significant if the observed statistic is greater than its threshold Φ−1(α/2).
Marker selection: To analyze the sorted distribution of expression values of a probe set to define if it is a potential candidate marker we define cut-points as those that segregate samples of different types.
As a result, 130 (92%) of 142 metabolites included one or more chemical shift markers, which we defined as chemical shifts that did not overlap with any other metabolites in the database.
To consider the differentiating power of a set of markers consisting of k markers, we first define the score of the marker set.
34 37 Although there are a number of effector T cells (Teff) and Treg markers, here we define Teff as CD4+FoxP3− and Treg as positive for both CD4 and FoxP3.
Since the recombination events were limited with the population, some of the markers could be mapped on the same genetic position at the linkage map because of no-recombination, and therefore, we defined such markers as "bin markers" and such genetic position as "a bin locus" [ 42].
Using these two widely studied microglia markers, CD68 and IBA1, we defined microglia morphologies in the aged brain, including some features that show evidence of disease specificity.
Accordingly, we defined markers of a given cell type as those genes with probesets that are P in the corresponding pure cell type microarray, and either A or M in the other three.
We defined several markers to characterize the efficiency of epidemic spread in the simulations (Figure 5).
