RESULTS: Here, we develop a new sampling model to accommodate an arbitrary number of different binary markers that characterize the progression of a population of dividing cells along a branching process.
Taken together, the data presented indicate that oxidized LDL inhibits induction of several important gene RNAs as well as functional markers that characterize the development of inflammatory and fully activated macrophages.
Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages.
The human ES cell lines expressed cell surface markers that characterize undifferentiated nonhuman primate ES and human EC cells, including stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)–3, SSEA-4, TRA-l-60, TRA-1-81, alkalineline phosphatase (Fig. 3) (4, 5,15, 16).
Similar to Relb-proficient cells, Relb-deficient leukemic cells presented the variable levels of CD4, CD8, CD24, and CD25 cell surface markers that characterize TEL-JAK2 leukemic cells (Figure S7).
In contrast, in epidemiological investigations, where the aim is to track disease-transmission paths and/or sources, higher typing resolution might be desired, and thus markers that characterize the complete phylogeny, or alternatively only a selected subset with high resolution, should be included in the assay.
To model in culture the transition from GATA6/NANOG co-expression to mutually exclusive expression of Epi and PrE markers that characterizes the Epi-versus-PrE fate decision (Plusa et al., 2008), we used a doxycycline-inducible system to transiently express GATA6-FLAG in ESCs (Beard et al., 2006; Mulvey et al., 2015; Wamaitha et al., 2015) (Fig. 1A).
At the same time, a detailed understanding of these processes could be used to advantage by identification of marker transcripts that characterize states of performance.
Similarly, transcriptional profiling is a powerful technique to determine marker genes that characterize and distinguish a particular cell type.
These induced pluripotent human stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell-surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers (Yu et al. 2007a).
These cells express some cell surface markers or transcription factors that characterize mature endothelium.
