All DNA samples were genotyped using 22 genomic SSR (gSSR) selected from Paniego et al. [ 14] and 20 EST-SSR chosen from Chapman et al. [ 54] and Mandel et al. [ 12], resulting in at least two markers on each one of the 17 sunflower linkage groups.
A total of nine spherical markers each with a diameter of 5 mm were used (four markers on each arm and one on the sternum).
In 2012, in a much smaller evaluation, two accessions from wild V. vinifera subsp. sylvestris were identified as resistant from field evaluations: O34-16, collected from Shiravan, Iran, had all four resistance-linked alleles; and DVIT3351.27, collected from Armenia, had the resistance allele at one of the flanking markers on each side.
All half-sibs were genotyped for six markers on each chromosome.
Subtle chemical markers on each fungal cell divide the species into "mating types".
Blue lines represent the positions of bin markers on each linkage group.
In CRMAS2232-85/Jalmagna combination, 5 6 microsatellite markers on each of three carrier chromosomes in the genomic region flanking to xa5, xa13 and Xa21 were polymorphic.
The different widths of linkage groups reflect the different map lengths of the corresponding chromosomes and represent thus the recombination frequency of markers on each chromosome.
This will result in high spatial proximity for the two methylated lysine binding pockets, and therefore the H3K36me3 markers on each side of the nucleosome would be easy to recognize and MRG molecules will spread on the chromatin surface (Fig. 5F).
All parents and F1 hybrids were genotyped for three markers on each chromosome to ensure strain identity using DNA isolated from tail tips.
A histogram of the allele-specific Allele B frequency information for the markers on each autosome with copy number loss was computed.
