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The diesel and gasoline exhaust PM2.5 averages are direct markers of traffic sources.
Our study showed that multiple markers of traffic pollution and health impacts could be analyzed concurrently using SEMs.
PM10 and NO2 are produced in urban areas largely by motor vehicles and are therefore likely to be markers of traffic related pollution.
Among Norwegian men, Nafstad et al. (2004) found that for each increase of 10 μg/m in nitrogen oxides (markers of traffic pollution), the risk increased by 8% for fatal IHD and by 16% for respiratory deaths.
In our study, NO2 and PM are markers of traffic air pollution, but also drive from sources such as space heating; small-scale traffic and population/household density variables were the most frequently used predictors in the land-use regression models (Beelen et al. 2013; Eeftens et al. 2012a).
Finkelstein and colleagues [ 26], found that although markers of traffic derived air pollution did not predict PD risk, risk was increased among participants with higher Manganese (Mn) exposure (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00-1.07) for each 10 ng/m increase in Mn concentration) [ 26].
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"There are markers of trafficking and keeping someone's passport is one of them" she says.
Markers of traffic-related air pollution.
In this cohort, markers of traffic-related air pollution were associated with the onset of asthma.
We also investigated differences in associations between exposure markers of traffic-related primary PM compared with secondary PM.
Nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 mass concentration, and also PM2.5 absorbance are possible markers of traffic-related pollution (Janssen et al. 2001).
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