Procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are established markers of tissue inflammation and injury.
Despite the necessity to localise and quantify fibrosis during cardiovascular diseases, only few biological markers of tissue fibrosis exist.
Formalin fixed tissue was used for immunofluorescence staining of two markers of tissue function and/or structure, Ki67 and smooth muscle cell actin (SMCA).
The EMD008 effects were more pronounced during hyperglycemia and coincided with attenuated markers of tissue apoptosis.
This is an advantage of transcriptional biomarkers compared to protein biomarkers or general markers of tissue function.
Indeed, the combination of hyperlactatemia with pCO2-related markers of tissue hypoxia provides a stronger prognostic signal than either one alone [8].
Different surrogate markers of tissue oxygenation have been used to explore the relationship between duration of RBC storage and their efficacy in restoring optimal tissue oxygenation.
This study was also unable to incorporate markers of tissue perfusion (e.g., lactate, urine output, pH) into the definition of hemodynamic response, because these parameters were not consistently or frequently monitored and documented for every included patient.
Clinical symptoms and biological markers of tissue ischemia and acute cell lysis may commonly suggest the diagnosis of mesenteric ischemia, but clearly lack sensitivity and specificity in this setting [19, 20].
The importance of markers of tissue perfusion should not be overlooked as patients could potentially be at goal MAP, with reductions in CA doses as a result, but still have tissue hypoperfusion.
Naggie, S, Swiderska-Syn, M, Choi, S, Lusk, S, Lan, A, Ferrari, G, Syn, W-K, Guy, CD, and Diehl, AM. "Markers of Tissue Repair and Cellular Aging Are Increased in the Liver Tissue of Patients With HIV Infection Regardless of Presence of HCV Coinfection". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, no.
