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Hines, M. D., Jin, H. C., Wheelock, M. J. & Jensen, P. J. Inhibition of cadherin function differentially affects markers of terminal differentiation in cultured human keratinocytes.
Such enhanced profiles with FGF-2 were associated with higher levels of MMP13, ALP, and RUNX2 expression as markers of terminal differentiation and osteogenesis (34.9-, 1.8-, and 62.5-fold, respectively, P ≤ 0.023) (Fig. 5).
Moreover, when injected into Xenopus embryos, Hes6 increased the size of the myotome due to increased proliferation; it also decreased markers of terminal muscle differentiation [40].
We specifically tested Sox2 and indeed overexpression has negative consequences on the expression of markers of terminal differentiation, Filaggrin and KRT10.
At day 14, specific markers of terminal differentiation of stratified epithelia (K1, K10, involucrin and filaggrin) were also detected (Fig. 1-C, panel c).
We generated homogeneous cultures of NS cells that express immature neural precursor markers (like Sox-2 and Nestin) and lack markers of terminal neuronal (Beta-III tubulin) or glial (Gfap) differentiation (fig. 1a).
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Expression of Myosin Heavy chain-1 (marker of terminal differentiation) strongly increased from D0 to D6 (Fig. 1B and 1E) confirming differentiation into adult myotubes.
It is identified as the key marker of terminal steps in the adipocytes differentiations [ 5, 6].
Another marker of terminal differentiation, loricrin, was used to confirm the differentiation of the HaCat cells (S1, lower panels).
The final gene which showed significant overexpression in tumors relative to normal cells, IBSP, also known as bone sialoprotein, is a marker of terminal differentiation of bone.
As differentiation progresses, these cells undergo a late differentiation phase, becoming hypertrophic, calcifying chondrocytes that synthesize type X collagen and osteopontin – a marker of terminal chondrocyte differentiation [ 18].
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