Fgf10 is a diagnostic marker of posterior pituitary development [23].
Finally, wnt1 is a conserved marker of posterior regions across the Bilateria [ 50].
Id1 promotes the upregulation of T, a marker of posterior epiblast and primitive streak (Blum et al., 1992; Rivera-Pérez and Magnuson, 2005), but delays the downregulation of the epiblast markers Oct4, Fgf5 and Otx2.
However, mRNA expression of markers characteristic of posterior foregut pancreatic endoderm, such as PTF1α and NKX6.1 was very low, suggesting that the combined action of RA and FGF4 results in induction of PDX1+ foregut endoderm.
Even from a single cell, several pituitary peptides were detected, including arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin, and alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which are markers of the posterior and intermediate pituitary.
The homeotic (Hox) genes play key roles in the anterior-posterior patterning of both vertebrate and invertebrate embryos and in Xenopus are often used as markers of anterior-posterior development.
(A,B) Nrarp-/ embryos exhibit expansion of the Uncx4.1 expression domain, which is a marker of the posterior somite compartment.
By following markers of cellular identity posterior to the Wg- and Hh-expressing cells in the Drosophila dorsal embryonic epidermis, we provide evidence that neither Wg nor Hh specifies the identity of the cell types they pattern.
BRA, in cooperation with BMP4-SMAD1 signalling (Marcellini, 2006; Messenger et al., 2005), then induces the characteristic expression of posterior markers such as HOX genes (Wacker et al., 2004), CDX2, TBX6 and KDR (Huber et al., 2004), while repressing the expression of anterior genes (Fig. 5).
We found that forebrain markers Emx2, Foxg1, Nr2e1 and midbrain marker Gbx2 and En1 were highly expressed, but there was no expression of posterior brain markers Hoxa7 and Hoxb7 in ciNPCs.
