We wondered whether we could generate a genetically encoded inducible marker of outer segment growth and renewal that would simplify experiments.
Compared to annxa5, which expression is initiated only after 60 hpf [26], the expression of hprt1l and elovl1a starts much earlier (48 hpf) making them the earliest known molecular markers of the outer mesothelium.
In a subsequent analysis, the authors identified Id2 and Sox2 as the earliest markers for differentiation of outer and inner cells followed by inverse correlations of Fgfr2/Fgf4 in the inner cell mass.
Mitochondria were exposed to saturating concentrations of BH3-domain peptides and assessed for cytochrome c release as a marker of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP) and apoptosis.
Co-immunostaining for the mitochondrial marker TOMM20 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 homolog [yeast]) and LC3B, showed that mitochondria also were localized to LC3B-positive vesicular structures in the central lens fiber cells of E15 lenses, further evidence of the involvement of autophagy in the removal of organelles during lens fiber cell maturation (Fig. S4).
As protein markers of inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, MitoProfile Rodent Total OXPHOS complexes (Mitosciences) and Porin (Calbiochem) antibodies were used.
Cells expressing each of the induced proteins were correctly positioned in the ectopic follicles according to whether the proteins are markers of the HF outer root sheath, inner root sheath or cortex (Figure S1).
Studies with 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN), a validated marker for outer membrane permeability of GNRs (Helander and Mattila-Sandholm, 2000), verified that sub-MIC concentrations of colistin or LL-37 increased outer membrane permeability of the MDR- AB strain (Fig. S3).
To obtain markers for the study of outer ovule integument development, a population of 400 Arabidopsis C24 enhancer-trap lines [ 14] was screened for GFP expression in the outer ovule integument.
(There are no other obvious outer markers of nationality it's not as though Russians and Ukrainians differ visibly).
