In order to analyze in more detail the cell trafficking route of SO2, we used two different lysosome-associated membrane glycoproteins as organelle markers, LAMP-1 and CD63, previously described in late endosome-phagosomes and phagolysomes [38], [42].
In contrast, when transiently expressed in COS-1 or HeLa cells, human ClC-6 mainly overlaps with markers for early/recycling endosomes (transferrin receptor, EEA-1, Rab5, Rab4) and not with late endosomal/lysosomal markers (LAMP-1, Rab7).
Conventional EM analysis suggested that aggregates were of an endocytic origin, so the late endosome/lysosome markers LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 were tested.
We added two endosomal markers, an early endosomal marker FYVE (Bloomington #39695) and a later endosomal marker LAMP (Bloomington #42714).
No co-localization was observed of hMTMR4 and the early endosomal marker Rab5 [ r(13)=0.19], nor was there significant overlap in MTMR4 signal with the lysosomal marker LAMP [ r(9)=0.16] or the Golgi marker GM130 (cis-Golgi matrix protein of 130 kDa) [ r(8)=0.09] (results not shown).
The systems have typically used either regular headlamps at half their normal brightness or special marker lamps near the headlights.
The lights are actually an amplified version of the typical taillight, and they are meant to brighten the rear marker lamps of a car so that drivers coming up from behind will notice a car sooner in foggy or hazy conditions.
Using an immunofluorescence staining technique, we assessed the colocalization of internalized bacteria with a lysosomal marker, LAMP-1.
We also examined colocalization of SBD-TMR with the more broadly distributed endolysosomal marker LAMP-GFP [81], [82].
To further examine the process of phagosome maturation, we stained the cells with the lysosome-specific marker LAMP-2 (Figure 5C).
