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Meanwhile, the CRB using the full TDOA set (the dotted line with "×" markers) is lower than the ones using a nonredundant TDOA set (the dotted lines).
We observe the same tendency for both Setups 1 and 2. All the CRBs overlap above a specific SNRr threshold, which is 55 dB for Setup 1, and 50dB for Setup 2. Below the threshold, the CRB using TOA measurements (the solid line with "×" markers) is lower than the other CRBs.
The advantage to this approach is that the sequences are already available resulting in a lower cost than designing and testing microsatellites from anonymous genomic libraries, even if the polymorphism rate for EST-derived markers is lower.
Furthermore, prediction algorithms need to be sharpened before being applied to the general population, where the majority of type 1 diabetes cases occur, yet the predictive value of genetic markers is lower than among relatives.
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Because the variation of cytoplasmic markers are lower than nuclear markers, the former could be used to examine relationship among distant-related taxa, and the latter are more suitable for the assessment of genetic diversity of close- related taxa.
Expression of the majority of markers was lower in the remnant bile duct tissue than in the liver of EHBA (P <.05) with only HLA-DR and LFA-1 (on infiltrating cells) and ICAM (on endothelium) expressed strongly in the remnant bile duct tissue.
Both the average variance and the average diversity of penta- and hexanucleotide markers were lower than those of tri- and tetranucleotide STRs (Table 2).
Plasma concentrations of PDGF-BB (medians of 0.3 ng/ml versus 0.4 ng/ml, P = 0.0007) but not the other markers were lower in 89 patients receiving hydroxyurea compared to 148 patients not receiving the medication.
When we compared pre- and post treatment tumor samples, the expression of the 2 markers was lower in the majority of post-treatment specimens (Fig. 2), however this did not reach statistical significance.
By contrast, bone turnover markers were lower in Chinese Americans.
Taken together, the expression of all three markers was lower in gastritis compared with the later stages.
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