The more spreading of the profiles of Ta marker induced by the cluster irradiations is observed.
Whereas expression of other Treg-markers such as Cd25 and Ctla4 are induced upon activation of Th cells, activated murine Th cells lack Nrp1 expression, suggesting fundamental differences in the transcriptional regulation of this molecule in Tregs when compared with other well described Treg markers.
In addition, one may also speculate that trained cells present different classes of activation markers than tolerized cells, depending on the subclasses of macrophages induced upon prestimulation.
Although expression levels of Krt5 and Dsc2, markers of the undifferentiated keratinocytes, were identified to be significantly induced upon Tacstd2 inhibition, indicating that lack of Tacstd2 expression could facilitate SCC progression, at least in part, by maintaining keratinocyte in an undifferentiated status.
More recently, it was shown that secretion of IP-10 was significantly induced upon stimulation with TB specific antigens and thus also suggested as alternative marker for LTBI diagnosis [11], [17] [20].
While more anterior hindbrain marker genes are not expressed (krox20, hoxd1 and hoxd3 ), more posterior spinal cord marker genes such as, hoxa7, hoxb7, hoxb9, hoxc10, hoxd10, cdx1, cdx2 and cdx4 are robustly induced upon injection of Nv Meis in the embryo.
In addition, homologs of other genes known to be involved in defense resistance as well as genes that are induced upon challenge with pathogens [ 20] were mapped (full details and sequences of the mapped markers are in Additional file 1).
The LRR1 ortholog of pepper, CaLRR1, which is induced upon infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv.
Similar to Arabidopsis NPR1, PhaNPR1 was only moderately induced upon SA treatment and CymMV infection.
The B3Z cells response was measured as β-galactosidase activity induced upon ligand recognition.
