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These single copy genes were selected to be used as chromosomal markers for unique genomic sequences, allowing CCNV estimations without the bias of repetitive regions.
These single-copy genes were used as chromosomal markers for unique genomic sequences to normalize the CCNV estimations, revealing large differences in chromosomal copy number between T. cruzi strains (Fig. 3).
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These genes are excellent candidates to be the first described molecular components involved in SDV trafficking, and their further characterization should enable an understanding of SDV assembly, as well as provide specific markers for this unique organelle.
The complete set of STS markers was filtered for unique and unambiguous marker-assembly sequence alignments as described.
The emergence of a Chilean or Chinese Tarantino would be the clincher, one to delight the originator, and be proof of the strange, haunted paradox of our times that influence – what we owe others – now passes for a great marker of unique personal style.
They scanned this DNA for unique markers found only in Neandertals or Denisovans or modern humans, and found that the two Sima fossils shared far more alleles different nucleotides at the same address in the genome with Neandertals than Denisovans or modern humans.
Nevertheless, the obtained solution is not free of uncertainties, especially for unique markers (see Discussion).
These approaches now allow CTC analyses to extend from matching them to known tumor-defining markers to interrogating them for unique properties that in fact distinguish them from primary tumor cells.
To further expand on this topic of heterogeneity Wood et al. asked the question "how many genes are mutated in a human tumor?." They analyzed this question in breast and colorectal cancers; they reported there are ~80 DNA mutations that alter amino acids in a typical cancer; thus these are all candidates for unique markers or tumor-specific antigens.
In this study, we examined strains from various clonal complexes, including GUD+ O157 H7 strains from the United States and Japan and SFO157 strains from Finland, Scotland, and Germany, for unique mutational markers.
Correcting genome assemblies is vital to future work on these organisms, particularly for efforts to design assays such as those used in microbial forensics [16] that require unique markers for each bacterial strain.
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