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Antibodies to the 70 kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) immunoglobulin (Ig) G are markers for exposure to adverse or nonphysiological stimuli.
Use of environmental tobacco smoke constituents as markers for exposure.
They will look at the parents' occupational history for exposures to metals, pesticides, or other chemicals, they will look at maternal bio markers for exposure in blood and urine, and analyze questionnaires about household chemical use.
Active recruitment of the uninfected individuals who were born and/or have lived in the same endemic region for over ten years and have reported that they never had an episode of malaria although their family members or neighbors had it (markers for exposure) was done in the villages around Porto Velho (Ouro Preto do Oeste, Guajará-Mirim, Ji-Paraná and Candeias do Jamari).
Instead, nationality, geographic residence, or geographic site of hospital were used as surrogate markers for exposure.
Adducts with macromolecules such as proteins offer longer lasting biological markers for exposure to SM, possibly up to several months.
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Proximity to highways may be a marker for exposure to high loads of ultrafine particles and other highly redox-active pollutants, in particular diesel particles [37], and constituents affecting the airways and alveoli leading to systemic inflammatory responses [38] and atherogenesis [6].
Urinary metabolites of bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, serve as bio-markers for exposure to the chemical and are detectable in more than 90% of indi-viduals tested in the United States and Europe.
It also provided a marker for exposure, a direct indication of red tide aerosol exposure.
Measurements of CPF or CPF-oxon are the most specific marker for exposure [ 28].
Of course, we considered heavy metals as a surrogate marker for exposure to a complex mixture of pollutants.
More suggestions(15)
markers for topic
markers for inflammation
markers for disease
markers for pathogenicity
markers for rheumatoid
markers for dress
markers for diagnosis
markers for keratinocyte
markers for micrometastasis
markers for operation
markers for hepatitis
markers for prostate
markers for cell
markers for selection
markers for adulthood
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