They were 'indicator' injuries that acted as markers for the effect of the process on similar groups (ie, those treated with splints vs plaster backslabs).
These genes are thought to be more exclusively related to GC induced IR and therefore might be interesting markers for this effect.
The availability of reliable diagnostic markers for large effect QTL underlying the above mentioned traits, would tremendously alleviate breeding rye varieties meeting these often contradictory demands.
Finally, we discuss surrogate markers for late effects, mechanistic studies, and the design of clinical studies with normal tissue endpoints as a primary outcome.
As a result, the emphasis in early development is on understanding the molecular underpinnings of disease and developing markers for therapeutic effects.
Therefore, predictive markers for anticancer effects, including recurrence prevention, are important tools when selecting treatment strategies for these patients.
Urinary markers for cadmium effects are cadmium itself, low-molecular-weight substances, and the enzymes of renal tubular origin, such as NAG (Teeyakasem et al. 2007).
The objectives of the research area are to develop immunity-related markers for health effects of food, and to develop dietary or food products to support vital and balanced immune function throughout life.
However, we found that most markers for systemic effects showed significant changes only in the 5m group, not in the 1w group, whereas signs of strong pulmonary inflammation were evident in the 1w exposure group.
The EGF receptor autophosphorylation effect correlated well with the decrease in birthweight observed in offspring of exposed women, suggesting that this biochemical event might provide a good marker of effect for the toxic halogenated aromatics.
