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Another way to compensate for population structuring is by calculating empirical P values based on a set of putatively neutral SNP markers (determined a priori) to create a null distribution to test all SNP markers against (cf. Lotterhos and Whitlock 2014).
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Cells were stained with antibodies and their expression of markers determined using a BD Fortessa (BD Biosciences) and analysed using Flowjo 9 (Treestar).
Once the tumor cells have been pulled down, the mRNA can be isolated and expression of EMT markers determined.
As for the new method, this problem is solved by introducing external markers determined by contextual information.
Genotype each sample from step 4b with the flanking SSR markers determined in step 4a.
As no gastric cancer-specific markers have been determined, a combination of several nonspecific tumour markers, for example, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9,and sonon, is merely applicable for monitoring treatment efficacy, but not the diagnosis of gastric cancer (Takahashi et al, 1995, 2003).
Cut-off points for positive marker expression were determined a priori.
Esserman, L. J. et al. Biologic markers determine both the risk and the timing of recurrence in breast cancer.
Many studies relying on the use of several putative stem cell markers to determine a method by which these cells can be isolated from a full-depth articular chondrocyte population [27], [28], [29].
OVA1 is the first FDA-cleared IVDMIA, and it uses a combination of CA125 and 4 other protein markers to determine a score that assists a clinician in the assessment of the patient's risk of ovarian cancer [ 44, 76].
Since the eight markers are all located on separate chromosomes, we can multiply the probability of identity for each marker to determine a random match.
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