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On the other hand, nuclear imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT can be used to study "molecular markers" at picomolar concentrations.
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The technology for profiling cytokines and chemokine markers has generally employed affinity reagents because these markers are often present at picomolar concentrations [12], [13].
These compounds were found to be efficacious at picomolar concentrations.
Dihydro-R exhibits proliferative effects in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations.
Impedance decreased after hybridization proportionally with the concentration of the target sequence at picomolar levels.
At picomolar concentrations ANG II stimulates Na+,K+-ATPase activity, but at nanomolar concentrations stimulation is lost.
In our experiments dihydro-R demonstrated strong proliferative properties in hormone-dependent cell lines (such as MCF-7) at picomolar 10-122 M) concentrations [6].
Unlike cis-R and trans-R, dihydro-R exhibits moderate proliferative effect on androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145 at picomolar concentrations.
We demonstrated that the biphasic proliferative effects of dihydro-R at picomolar and nanomolar concentrations are not limited to hormone-dependent breast cancer cells but also present, albeit in a reduced scale, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.
In this work, by taking the uniqueness of Exonuclease III and DNA metallization, we demonstrate a facile turn-on fluorescent method for amplified detection of biothiols at picomolar concentration.
In addition, we determined that the peptide enhanced the activity of recombinant caspase 8 in a cell-free system at picomolar concentrations (Figure 8B).
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