Acute-phase proteins are systemic markers of inflammatory response that are used in the diagnosis and prognosis of the course of inflammatory processes.
The blood NLR and mGPS are systemic inflammatory markers found to have significant prognostic value in CRC (Roxburgh and McMillan, 2010).
Inflammatory markers are associated with systemic oxidative stress.
We know that there are important links between oxidative stress, a changed inflammatory marker profile (inflammation), the development of diabetes type II as well as, ultimately, vascular dysfunction: Inflammatory markers are associated with systemic oxidative stress.
Systemic markers are far more easy to obtain, and can also be obtained more frequently.
4 7 At the same time, the inflammatory and coagulation blood markers are involved in a systemic response to air pollution.
Currently, risk-assessments with various prognostic and predictive markers are used for indication of systemic treatment, like tumour grade and nodal status for general systemic treatment choice, hormonal receptors for hormonal treatment, and HER2 expression for immunotherapy.
However, these two markers are also affected by the systemic inflammatory response, and their diagnostic value in sepsis-induced AKI is disputed [ 1],[ 2].
Equally important, the findings in this study suggest that major conventional risk factor and systemic inflammation markers are unreliable in cardiovascular risk stratification amongst black Africans with RA.
The outcomes of interest were bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) which are believed to be systemic markers of oxidative stress.
