Rice cultivars within each varietal group are differentiated genetically across a host of molecular marker types including isozymes [4], [5], RFLPs [6], [7], SSRs [8], [9], SNPs [10] [12] and Tranposon Insertion Polymorphisms [13] with increasing resolution of population structure with increasing marker density and informativeness.
Other marker types including amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been added to online versions of the maps [ 4].
The consensus map, consisting of over 2000 markers, also offers an opportunity to create a "bridge" between DArT and other marker systems, through the co-location of the different marker types, including RFLPs and SSRs.
The new marker loci comprised a variety of marker types, including 534 genomic-SSR loci, 285 EST-SSRs, 187 REMAPs, 73 SNPs, 12 InDels, 59 RTs, nine AFLPs, seven SRAPs and one derived from a BAC-end sequence.
In past decades, genetic maps of Brassica have been constructed with a range of marker types, including RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), and SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers, and these maps have contributed to genetic analysis of quantitative traits.
Several DNA marker types, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) [ 12- 14], inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs) [ 15, 16], simple sequence repeats (SSRs) [ 3, 6, 7] amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) [ 4, 5], and sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs) [ 17], have been developed for Nelumbo.
More than 20 genetic linkage maps have been constructed for B. rapa using a range of marker types including Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), sequence-related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) [ 6- 8, 10- 20].
With a detection rate of > 90% in both advanced colorectal (n = 37) and pancreatic cancer (n = 20), and of 75% in gastric cancer (n = 12), TPS was the most sensitive marker in all three tumour types included in this analysis.
The 205 segregation distortion markers were of three types including 171 'SNP_only'-type markers, 20 'Indel_only'-type markers, and 14 'SNP&Indel' markers with percentages of 83.41%, 9.76%, and 6.83%, respectively.
Due to these functions, RECK has been described as a good prognosis marker in several tumor types, including breast carcinomas [ 18, 19].
